Monday, August 24, 2020

Are Ghosts Real or Not

Phantoms are genuine. To start with, the most significant thing to know is that phantoms are simply people not living in physical bodies. These are individuals simply like you and me. Like individuals all over the place, apparitions can be benevolent, startling, brilliant, and inept and everything in the middle of, however they're simply individuals. The two cynics and fervent professors in the paranormal concede that otherworldly and unexplainable activityâ€sightings of apparition, soul as well as outsiders is on the ascent. In the event that there is no extraordinary, what are these apparitions?Millions of excited watchers are eating up well known motion pictures, for example, Ghost, Casper the Friendly Ghost, Beetle juice, Ghost Rider, and Ghost Busters. Video dream and arcade games highlighting apparitions, skeletons, and mummies and creatures alive after death are the anger. ? The most consistent spot to go to get the realities about otherworldly things is the Bible. the one expert on things that can't be seen or clarified by regular natural laws. Furthermore, in reality, the Bible indicates that paranormal action and enthusiasm for the soul world would increment at the finish of time.Even all the more alarmingly, the Bible cautions that these spirits will bait hoards into overall double dealing. â€Å"And I saw three messy spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the mythical serpent, and out of the mouth of the brute, and out of the mouth of the bogus prophet. For they are the spirits of demons, working supernatural occurrences, which go forward unto the rulers of the earth and of the entire world, to assemble them to the clash of that extraordinary day of God Almighty. † Revelation 16:13-14. In view of this, how indispensable it is that we comprehend what the Bible says about phantoms, spirits, and existence in the wake of death. ___________________ Bruce A. Moen, Voyage Beyond Doubt , (1996-2003) http://www. the great beyond information. c om/bnddoubt. html ? Phantoms are the brain's method of deciphering how the body responds to certain environmental factors, state UK therapists. A chill noticeable all around, low-light conditions and even attractive fields may trigger sentiments that â€Å"a presence† is in a room †however that is all they are, emotions. This clarification of apparitions the aftereffect of a huge report which analysts drove several volunteers around two of the U.K’s as far as anyone knows most spooky areas †Hampton Court Palace, England, and the South Bridge Vaults in Edinburgh, Scotland. Dr Richard Wiseman, of the University of Hertfordshire, and his partners state their work has hurled some fascinating information to propose why such huge numbers of individuals can be frightened in a similar structure yet gives no proof that phantoms are genuine. Science acknowledge it will never have a deep understanding of the universe. Science additionally acknowledges that without proof there is no information, just theories. Apparitions may exist, so may Bigfoot, Nessie, and David Icke. We need proof to exhibit it, though.The probability isn't sufficient to warrant conviction, all in all pack of things could be conceivable †science is the arrangement of getting rid of the real from the conceivable. ____________________ ? http://www. bookrags. com/researchtopics/phantoms/sub7. html Lights killing and on †similarly, these occasions are only here and there observed really happening, yet the lights are turned on or off when the experiencer realizes they were not left that way. This can likewise occur with TVs, radios and other electrically controlled things. Unexplained shadows †the locating of momentary shapes and shadows, as a rule seen out of the edge of the eye.This marvel has likewise been examined in some detail in â€Å"Shadow People. † Strange creature conduct †a pooch, feline or other pet acts peculiarly. Pooches may bark at someth ing concealed, fall down without obvious explanation or decline to go into a room they regularly do. Felines may appear to be â€Å"watching† something cross a room. Sentiments of being viewed †this isn't a remarkable inclination and can be credited to numerous things, yet it could have a paranormal source if the inclination reliably happens in a specific piece of the house at a specific time. hearing an entryway open or close is a certain something. All things considered witnessing it is very another. Sentiments of being contacted †the sentiment of being viewed is a certain something, and really feeling like you are being contacted is very another. A few people feel something brush past them, something contacting their hair or â€Å"a hand† on the shoulder. Cries and murmurs †every so often, suppressed voices, murmuring and crying can be heard. Some of the time it's music from some obscure source.Cold or problem areas †cold spots are exemplary freq uenting indications, however any case of a recognizable difference in temperature without a discernable reason could be proof. Unexplained scents †the unmistakable aroma of a fragrance or cologne that you don't have in your home. Physical attack †scratches, slaps and hard pushes. This sort of close to home attack is incredibly uncommon, yet clearly profoundly upsetting. Other physical proof †unexplained composition on paper or dividers; impressions and impressions. Nebulous visions †physical appearance of a soul or element. Are Ghosts Real or Not Phantoms are genuine. To begin with, the most significant thing to know is that apparitions are simply people not living in physical bodies. These are individuals simply like you and me. Like individuals all over, phantoms can be well disposed, alarming, brilliant, and inept and everything in the middle of, yet they're simply individuals. The two cynics and fervent professors in the paranormal concede that heavenly and unexplainable activityâ€sightings of apparition, soul and additionally outsiders is on the ascent. In the event that there is no otherworldly, what are these apparitions?Millions of enthusiastic watchers are eating up mainstream films, for example, Ghost, Casper the Friendly Ghost, Beetle juice, Ghost Rider, and Ghost Busters. Video dream and arcade games including apparitions, skeletons, and mummies and creatures alive after death are the wrath. ? The most legitimate spot to go to get the realities about powerful things is the Bible. the one expert on things that c an't be seen or clarified by characteristic natural laws. Also, surely, the Bible indicates that paranormal movement and enthusiasm for the soul world would increment at the finish of time.Even all the more alarmingly, the Bible cautions that these spirits will bait hoards into overall misdirection. â€Å"And I saw three messy spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the winged serpent, and out of the mouth of the brute, and out of the mouth of the bogus prophet. For they are the spirits of fallen angels, working supernatural occurrences, which go forward unto the rulers of the earth and of the entire world, to assemble them to the clash of that extraordinary day of God Almighty. † Revelation 16:13-14. In light of this, how essential it is that we comprehend what the Bible says about apparitions, spirits, and existence in the wake of death. ___________________ Bruce A. Moen, Voyage Beyond Doubt , (1996-2003) http://www. life following death information. com/bnddoubt. html ? Phantoms are the brain's method of deciphering how the body responds to certain environmental factors, state UK analysts. A chill noticeable all around, low-light conditions and even attractive fields may trigger emotions that â€Å"a presence† is in a room †however that is all they are, sentiments. This clarification of apparitions the consequence of an enormous report which scientists drove several volunteers around two of the U.K’s as far as anyone knows most spooky areas †Hampton Court Palace, England, and the South Bridge Vaults in Edinburgh, Scotland. Dr Richard Wiseman, of the University of Hertfordshire, and his associates state their work has hurled some intriguing information to propose why such a large number of individuals can be frightened in a similar structure however gives no proof that apparitions are genuine. Science acknowledge it will never have a deep understanding of the universe. Science additionally acknowledges that without proof th ere is no information, just conjectures. Apparitions may exist, so may Bigfoot, Nessie, and David Icke. We need proof to show it, though.The probability isn't sufficient to warrant conviction, in general bundle of things could be conceivable †science is the arrangement of removing the real from the conceivable. ____________________ ? http://www. bookrags. com/researchtopics/phantoms/sub7. html Lights killing and on †in like manner, these occasions are only from time to time observed really happening, yet the lights are turned on or off when the experiencer realizes they were not left that way. This can likewise occur with TVs, radios and other electrically controlled things. Unexplained shadows †the locating of passing shapes and shadows, for the most part observed out of the side of the eye.This marvel has likewise been talked about in some detail in â€Å"Shadow People. † Strange creature conduct †a canine, feline or other pet carries on abnormally. Pooc hes may bark at something concealed, fall down without clear explanation or decline to go into a room they ordinarily do. Felines may appear to be â€Å"watching† something cross a room. Sentiments of being viewed †this isn't a remarkable inclination and can be ascribed to numerous things, however it could have a paranormal source if the inclination reliably happens in a specific piece of the house at a specific time. hearing an entryway open or close is a certain something. As a matter of fact witnessing it is very another. Sentiments of being contacted †the sentiment of being viewed is a certain something, and really feeling like you are being contacted is very another. A few people feel something brush past them, something contacting their hair or â€Å"a hand† on the shoulder. Cries and murmurs †every so often, stifled voices, murmuring and crying can be heard. In some cases it's music from some obscure source.Cold or problem areas †cold spots a re exemplary frequenting side effects, however any example of an observable fluctuation in temperature without a discernable reason could be proof. Unexplained scents †the unmistakable aroma of a fragrance or cologne that you don't have in your home. Physical ambush †scratches, slaps and ha

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Growth of Seven-Eleven Free Essays

Official SUMMARY Seven-Eleven had acknowledged novel development in the business division as there was usage of gracefully chain procedure of Seven-Eleven and certain exhibition drivers upon the equalization nature business responsiveness and the attention to specific dangers included. For Seven-Eleven to be fruitful, ECR approach will be understood that are powerful for store combinations; chain renewals and effective advancement just as item presentation. Seven-Eleven have discovered better methods of building up their CDC just as DSD that is through data information mastery and the expansion of their business capacities to convey visit item administrations of fluctuated things and the commitment confirmation given to the clients. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Growth of Seven-Eleven or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now The upside of fruitful chain is inside the improved economies of scale as Seven-Eleven successfully significantly increasing purchasing power and accessing new items as the US and Japanese stores joined to bring down expenses on certain top notch wines for example. The DSD can be proper when there is abundant and considerable measure of coordinations deciding the perfect physical dispersion of merchandise at Seven-Eleven as there can be influenced by the store’s dissemination focus just as office area choices. The dissemination frameworks of Seven-Eleven were re-designed and the Combined Distribution Centers have been acquainted by the organization with better deal with the progression of items into the stores. There has been helpful bit of leeway of Seven-Eleven upon CDC and DSD as the focuses permit smoothing of dissemination activity to the stores and the arrangement of better quality and better data on gracefully and conveyances is accessible and there was control of the flexibly chain as accomplished. The nearness of innovation like the adjustment of the POS framework can push forward and do help the store work and the executives circumstance by saving staff time. The most effective method to refer to The Growth of Seven-Eleven, Essay models

Sunday, July 26, 2020

Huge Gulf Revealed in Private State Oxbridge Entry

Huge Gulf Revealed in Private State Oxbridge Entry The OE Blog Long-awaited figures revealed this week finally showed for the first time the rates of Oxbridge entry on a school-by-school basis. The shocking statistics unveil an enormous divide between state school and private school entry, with just five schools sending more pupils to Oxbridge over a three year period than nearly 2000 others put together. Those five include elite private schools Eton, Westminster, and St Paul’s Girls and Boys. The figures, released by the Sutton Trust charity, were most shocking because they revealed that the private schools getting vastly greater numbers of pupils into Oxbridge often had very similar A-level results to corresponding state schools with much lower levels of Oxbridge entry. Old Oxbridge Excuses Disproved It has long been the defence of Oxford and Cambridge Universities that the reason for their poor state: private pupil ratio is not their own admissions process, but a failure on the part of the state school system to provide students with high enough A level grades to win Oxbridge places. Yet this data blows that long-accepted argument out of the picture, provoking a high level of concern about private school bias in the Oxbridge admissions system. The data showed that for schools with an average of 851-900 A-level points per student (900 points being equivalent to 3 ‘A’ grades), 50% of private school pupils gained places at “highly selective universities” compared to just 32% from state schools. Oxbridge Admissions The figures raise serious questions about the Oxbridge interview process. Admissions tutors claim to look vigilantly for signs of promise from state school pupils who may not have achieved quite as highly as their independent school peers. Instead the charity’s findings seem to suggest that private school pupils, drilled and prepared to perfection with hours of one-to-one interview practice, are given an unfair advantage over state school pupils who have achieved the same A-level grades. Is it as Bad as it Sounds? There are two important mitigating factors to be considered when analysing the data collected by the Sutton Trust. The first is that the data showed that independent schools with higher Oxbridge success rates also put in a greater number of applications than their similarly achieving state counterparts. This might shift the cause of the discrepancy away from the Oxbridge admissions tutors and onto the state school system, where bright applicants are perhaps less encouraged to apply for top universities than they might be. The second discrepancy, vociferously pointed out by the elite Russell Group of Universities, and supported by Professor Anna Vignoles from the Institute of Education, is that despite having a similar grade-point average, schools may still have vastly different grades per pupil, which could affect Oxbridge entry chances. For example, one school with an 851-900 point average may have a handful of excellent pupils with fantastically high grades, with the rest achieving much lower, whilst another school with the same average may have a more consistent group of average results, thereby getting fewer pupils into Oxbridge. It is also true that many state school pupils are less clearly informed about the importance of avoiding ‘soft’ subjects like business studies and photography at A-level, which could account for high grades but fewer Oxbridge places. However, the enormity of the state: private school Oxbridge divide is such that even taking these discrepancies into account in no way negates the statistics; it merely lessens the gap. As Vignoles admits; “In our research not all of that gap disappears even when you account for subject and choice at A-level”. These damning revelations come at the worst possible time for the government, just as they are desperately fighting to insist that their new £9000 tuition fees policy will not disadvantage students from poorer backgrounds in getting to university. Amidst accusations of a rich-biased new policy that will send higher education “back into the dark ages” with the return of the old university: polytechnic divide, these figures should be taken very seriously indeed.

Friday, May 22, 2020

Diversity and Difference in Early Childhood Essay

TOPIC: Diversity and Difference in Early Childhood Education Personal interest: My first awareness of racial identity and diversity occurred when I was in Year 3. Having being raised acknowledging acceptance of people of racial or cultural difference my thoughts of children of colour were positive and impartial. However, one day a boy in my class of Sri Lankan descent got into trouble with another student, but only the Sri Lankan boy was asked to go to the principal’s office. During our lunch break he came over to a group of us and told us that he thought he was the one that got into trouble ‘because he was ‘black’’. I remember thinking to myself, ‘why would he get into trouble just because he was black?’ It was in fact that both boys†¦show more content†¦One of the most stimulating aspects of early education is observing and supporting young children as they develop their individual identities. This development takes place within different social contexts where issues relating to human diversity and differe nce impact significantly on children’s understandings and ways of being in the world. Arguably, our education begins when we are first able to detect causes and consequences, and continue to form the basis of our identity, behaviours and knowledge of the world around us. Glover (1991) in the early 1990s found that as 2-3 year old children became aware of difference they simultaneously develop positive and negative feelings about the differences they observe. For example, racial awareness impacts on their perceptions of skin colour and on their preferences in the social relationships they initiate and foster with other children. An Australian study conducted by Palmer (1990) exemplifies how preschool children were able to make negative judgements based on racial characteristics of young Aboriginal children. Children were reportedly saying ‘You’re the colour of poo†¦ Did your mum drop you in the poo?’ This observation suggests that children as young as 2 years old are becoming aware of diversity and differences of others, and these judgements children are making are often affecting their ability to make sound judgements of othersShow MoreRelatedChildren With Multicultural And Diverse Experiences849 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Early childhood providers do many difficult tasks. The hardest task is to provide the children with multicultural and diverse experiences. Since the beginning of time, the extended families, clans, and the communities raised the young children. Even today, many early childhood programs and family child care institutions tend to be similar and homogeneous to the children’s home backgrounds. The common criteria parents use to choose the early childhood programs, and the child care facilitiesRead MoreFor The Past Two Decades, Canadian Population Is Increasingly1439 Words   |  6 Pagesidentities and strengths for almost a hundred and fifty years. It is essential to make sure that all citizens acknowledge both similarities and differences in Canadian diverse society. Especially, children have experienced more challenges due to the current age of cultural pluralism because they are born from refugee or immigration’s families. Therefore, early childhood education is respons ible to create multicultural practices that benefits young children to their cognitive and social developments, andRead MoreReflection On Early Childhood Education1198 Words   |  5 Pagesreflect on the past eight weeks, my insights on Early Childhood Education have given me a better understanding of issues and trends in Early Childhood Education. As I mastered this course, I have also become more knowledgeable and understanding of the needs of children and families in my community. Another way that I have been strengthened was through discussions and sharing blogs with my colleagues. On the other hand, researching professional early childhood education topics and viewing multimedia presentationsRead MoreEarly Childhood Educators Promote Diversity, And As A Result Improve Academic Outcomes1413 Words   |  6 Pagesfor educators to provide support to different family structures increases. This review will examine strategies utilized by early childhood educators to promote diversi ty, and as a result improve academic outcomes. Most data related to diversity in the classroom is derived from research in pre-school and Head Start programs. Although there are other avenues for early childhood education, including home-based and center-based childcare, this research will focus on pre-K and Head Start. Literature Review:Read MoreMulticultural Curriculum For A Multicultural Classroom1425 Words   |  6 Pagescommunicate with parents. The purpose of this paper is to inform our readers of how a multicultural education benefits children. How can teachers create a multicultural learning community, and how can teachers help guide children to observe and practice diversity in the classroom? As a teacher, I have learned that our framework influences the way that we think and how we deal and interact with people. Our framework makes us un conscience towards other cultures. When someone s culture is different from oursRead MoreEnglish Child Diversity1361 Words   |  6 PagesNew Zealand being a multi-cultural and a diverse country, the early childhood sector here, embraces this diversity and encourages professionals of this sector to respect this diversity of the children and families that they serve (Ministry of Education[MoE], 1996; Noonan, 2010). There are many children who start child-care/kindergarten for whom English is not their first/home language (Clarke, 2009). Early childhood professionals working with these children need to actively respond to their needsRead MoreEducating Children With Essential Cognitive Development757 Words   |  4 PagesCurriculums Fostering Social Development Early childhood education programs provide children with essential cognitive development. These programs also foster social development. Children can learn the social rules for interacting with other children; for example, how to share their toys. Erikson’s theory is different from Piaget’s theory. â€Å"Erikson’s view is that the social environment combined with biological maturation provides each individual with a set of ‘crises’ that must be resolved† (HuittRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Is Supplying The Children s Marketplace During Identity Development858 Words   |  4 Pagesan educator enters a classroom they do so with tools aimed towards giving students an education. Along with a degree is a copy of the Australian Curriculum ([AC], 2015) and the Early Years Learning Framework ([EYLF], 2015); however, what is important for the educator to perceive is that an important part of early childhood education is supplying the childrenà ¢â‚¬â„¢s ‘marketplace’ during identity development. According to Siraj-Blatchford and Clarke (2004, p. 23) the effects of gender, culture and socioRead MoreSocial Justice Should Be Taught1684 Words   |  7 Pageslanguage, which they perpetuate through their play and talk (Ryan Grieshaber 2004). Preschool is an especially important time to begin social justice work, as it is when children are actively beginning to construct difference. Social Justice should be taught and implemented in Early Childhood to help children’s self-perspective, the way that they view others and Race and culture should be addressed but some other things that are often overlooked and are just as important are age, special needs and genderRead MoreSimilarities and Differences between Reggio Emilia and High Scope1681 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many different curriculums that are used in early childhood classrooms. Two curriculums that are used are High Scope and Reggio Emilia. Both of these curriculums have unique aspects that make up their curriculums. In addition, High Scope and Reggio Emilia have similarities and differences. In Ypsilanti, Michigan Dr. David P. Weikard created High Scope in 1970. High Scope does research in a variety of areas. However, they are best known for their research in preschool education and

Friday, May 8, 2020

The Movie Freedom Writers Erin Gruwell Essay - 850 Words

Summary The movie Freedom Writers is about Erin Gruwell who is starting her first year as an English teacher at Woodrow Wilson High School. This school is racially divided with many gangs and violence erupting at any time. Ms. Gruwell was the students main subject of hate too. After having a discussion with her students about what they were feeling about their lives and situations, she took the responsibility of educating the students no matter what the cost was. She would eventually get through to the teens by passing out journals for them to write their personal life stories in. As the year went on, the students started to trust Ms.Gruwell. The next academic year, she had the students getting along with one another and reading The Diary of Ann Frank. She faced many critics within the school, but she ultimately succeeded. Teacher Ms. Gruwell was more dedicated and determined than the other teachers at Woodrow Wilson High School. Even though she was warned by other faculty and staff members, she went in with an unbiased opinion of the students in her class. She led the classroom by not showing her frustrations when something went wrong or if a fight broke out. Instead of complaining about the lack of resources that the school provided her with, she found ways to get it herself by working more jobs. In order for her to lead the classroom, she tried to find common ground between her and the students. She tried to make them feel comfortable with her as their teacher. HerShow MoreRelatedFreedom Writers Critique1679 Words   |  7 PagesThe Freedom Writers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freedom Writers was released in 2007 on January 7. It was based on the book the Freedom Writers Diary by Erin Gruwell, who wrote the story based on a school name Woodrow Wilson Classical High School in Eastside Long Beach, California. This film tells a story about Erin Gruwell, who is a young teacher who just started her job as a freshman and sophomore English teacher at Woodrow Wilson High School. She is soon challenged by a group of Black, Latino and Asian gang membersRead MoreFreedom Writers : Film Review1085 Words   |  5 PagesFreedom Writers Film Review But even an ordinary secretary Or a housewife or a teenager Can, within their own small ways, Turn on a small light in a dark room. - Miep Gies Just like how Erin Gruwell (Hilary Swank) turned the lights on, in the dark room of 203. Freedom Writers is a film inspired by students of Woodrow Wilson High School as they experience the aftermath of LA riots. Los Angeles resembles a war zone back in the 1992. During this time in America, it all comes down to what a person lookRead MoreThe Freedom Writers1584 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Freedom Writers is a drama based on the book â€Å"The freedom writers’ diary† by Erin Gruwell and her students at the Woodrow Wilson Classical High School in California. The book is an agglomeration of the writings of these students, inspired by their teacher, to write about the experiences they had to undergo due to the racial tensions and violence existing in the society. The movie is an enrapturing representation of the way in which a teacher revolutionizes the process of classroom teachingRead MoreFreedom Writers By Jung Ah Choi1010 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual demonstrates their learning process. â€Å"Reading Educational Philosophies in Freedom Writers† by Jung-Ah Choi, breaks down the different methods of teaching through the film Freedom Writers. Freedom Writers is a film based on a true story about a young teacher, Erin Gruwell, who faces racial barriers at an integrated high school in Long Beach California. The article displays the teaching methods used by Gruwell in order to help her students face their academic struggles that are obstructed byRead MoreMovies Such As The â€Å"Freedom Writers (Lagravenese, 2007)†1661 Words   |  7 PagesMovies such as the â€Å"Freedom Writers (LaGravenese, 2007)† and â€Å"Precious Knowledge (Palos, 2011)† both support the central theme of discrimination and race within a school system. The students in both movies come from backgrounds experiencing poverty, gangs, and violence experiencing discrimination and the lack of support for their education, but overcome the stereotypes and battles to gain access to receiving their education at their fullest potential. Each movie involves students that were guidedRead MoreFreedom Writers Analysis Paper786 Words   |  4 Pa gesFreedom Writers Analysis Over the years, I had heard many positive things said about this movie, but yet I had never taken the time to rent the movie and watch it myself. That is why I am so glad that this movie was our assignment. Freedom writers far exceeded my expectations. It truly was touching to see an adaptation of real live stories come to play. Watching a young woman, a teacher, who was completely out of her element and her comfort zone, grow to actually take an interest in these kids thatRead MoreRacial Conflicts1152 Words   |  5 Pagesthe equality of every human causes racism. Humans need laws to follow and the lack of these laws cause conflict between humans. Erin Gruwell was optimistic about teaching a class of so many different backgrounds but it was much more challenging to get through to such angry teenagers. Racial conflicts in America include gang violence, and even murder. The Freedom Writers movie gives a clear description of the life that every teenager has to go through while there a re racial conflicts. In that environmentRead MoreThe Freedom Writers, Newly Licensed High School1679 Words   |  7 PagesIn the movie â€Å"The Freedom Writers, newly licensed high school teacher Erin Gruwell is teaching a large group of students who are different in race and ethnicity and are participants and/or indirectly affected by gang violence in L.A. The name Freedom Writers is a name given to her students by which they were inspired by the Freedom Riders activists in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. The film is based on the true story of Woodrow Wilson High School in L.A. that has given up on students suchRead MoreFilm Analysis on Freedom Writers2290 Words   |  10 PagesFilm Analysis Essay on Freedom Writers Main Credits Title: Freedom Writers Director: Richard LaGravenese Scriptwriter: Richard LaGravenese Adapted from: The Freedom Writers Diary by Erin Gruwell Actors/Main characters: Hilary Swank-Erin Gruwell, Patrick Dempsey-Scott Casey, Scott Glenn-Steve Gruwell, Imelda Staunton-Margaret Campbell, April L. Hernandez-Eva Benitez, Jaclyn Ngan-Sindy, Jason Finn-Marcus, John Benjamin Hickey- Brian Gelsord, Plot Summary The movie â€Å"Freedom Writers† is based on a trueRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Freedom Writers1507 Words   |  7 PagesFreedom Writers is a movie based on the book The Freedom Writers Diary by teacher Erin Gruwell. The movie was directed by Richard LaGravenese and it was released in 2007. This movie discusses significant themes such as stereotyping and racial discrimination but most important the power of tolerance and understanding. The purpose of this movie is to promote the message that knowledge is power and in a world filled with disparities where hundreds of ethnic groups convey and interact humans are obliged

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Conservatism Is Merely A Ruling Class Ideology Free Essays

Conservatism has three strands: Traditional, New Right and Post New right conservatism. It serves in the interest of the rich and powerful and it serves in the interest of every social class, including the poor. Marxists in particular would argue that conservatism is a class based ideology. We will write a custom essay sample on Conservatism Is Merely A Ruling Class Ideology or any similar topic only for you Order Now They would also argue that ideologies reflect the interest of a particular class. Burke was a traditional conservative and he believed in the organic state. Traditional conservatives are motivated by the organic state they believe that the society is a living entity, rather than a mechanism. They consider society as a pyramid and command structure, which serves in the interest of the rich because society is fixed and the rich will always be at the top. Society can never have social equality because of hierarchy. They do not believe in meritocracy and individualism, they believe that society is more important than the individual, therefore they believe in collectivism. People may believe that the ideology is good but in reality it is not because people do not have rights they have duties and conservatives only recognize equality of status. Socialists believe in economic equality, this is the only equality that does not keep people down. Conservatism was reaction against Liberalism (French revolution). Burke was against the French revolution. Disraeli was also motivated by class interest. He introduced One-nation conservatism, which was about keeping social cohesion between the rich and the poor. Disraeli gave the vote to the urban working class male because if he did not the Liberals would have done so. Burke once said that he ‘the palace is not safe when the cottage is not happy’ meaning that the rich are not happy when the poor are not satisfied. If the poor is not satisfied then there will not be social stability, because there will be a revolution. Burke introduced social reforms to stop a revolution. Randolph Churchill formulated ‘Tory democracy’ which stated that in order to gain the support of the working-class they have to develop the empire by making them believe in it. They did not want to do too much for the poor, but rather to help them enough to keep them happy. Conservatives voted against the NHS, which was brought in by Labour, because it is a ruling class ideology. They only decided to accept the NHS because they are pragmatic and they did not believe in nationalized industries because it took power away for the poor. They believed in the mixed economy. They disliked nationalization and wanted to privatize most nationalized businesses. They introduced the minimum wage and it was popular and a vote winner. In 1979, Thatcher became Prime Minister and she also served the interest of the rich. She privatized industries such as British telecom, British railways. Liberal New right believed in and rolling back the state, hence the belief in laissez-faire economics. They believed in the non-interventionist state, that the state will not intervene in the economy to help the poor. For example: the Battle of Orgreaves, the miner’s strike; the government refused to subsidize what they called the uneconomic picks. Thatcher setup grant maintained schools which got more money. Schools were a two tier system and the ‘better-off’ benefited from this. This basically suggests that Thatcher reeks of the rich. Society was more differential because people had more respect. Disraeli introduced one-nation conservatism, and he was genuinely concerned about the poor, evidenced in his quote, ‘there is a gap between the rich and the poor’ and his Crystal Palace speech. Disraeli detested capitalism because it creates inequality and exploits workers. He did what he had to do to stop a revolution, the invention of One-nation. Burke believed in the organic state and this was not just about the rich and the poor, as a traditional conservative he believed that everyone should be valued equally. The whole of the ideology was paternalistic meaning that conservatism like a father cares for the people, not just in the interest of the rich. This is confirmed in the quote, â€Å"Society is a partnership between†¦ † it suggests that we are all valuable. All traditional conservatives believe in social reforms because of the rule of One-nation. In Harold Macmillan’s ‘Middle Way’ (1938), he advocates the mixed economy. After the WWII, they realized that there was a new way to help the poor by accepting the welfare state, they also accepted Keynesianism by reflate the economy. Conservatives were very Keynes on grammar school, after all Thatcher went to a Grammar school. As Liberal New right Thatcher believed I meritocracy, individualism and embourgeoisement. Individualism means you can make it and meritocracy means that you can make it on merit. For example, selling councils houses; buying it means that it is now our property, owned democracy. People could buy shares, share owning democracy, not just the rich and the powerful, but also the poor. Post-New right, neo-liberal leaders: Hague, Smith, Major, Howard and Cameron, all have business interest. Cameron has adopted and fused neo-liberalism with elements of One-nation. Cameron believes in social responsibility. This means that society has to work together to look after and care for each other, however if we care for each other the government will not help us. For example: Jamie Oliver; it was not the government that improved school dinners. Social responsibility is a way of saying ‘rolling back the state’, Cameron uses One-nation rhetoric, though he still wants a smaller state, he does not want to regulate the state. He wants to take politicians out of the NHS. He fused neo-liberal elements and one-nation because he cares about the economy, example targeting families who have to pay child-minders; instead they pay money to family relatives to look after your children. This is One-nation because keeps social cohesion. In 1979, the working-class voted Thatcher in because in 1983, the Conservatives promised that people could buy council houses and Labour said they would nationalize the banks. Thatcher would win because she had taken on the Falklands war and found victory. How to cite Conservatism Is Merely A Ruling Class Ideology, Papers

Tuesday, April 28, 2020

The last of the mohicans Analysis Essay Example For Students

The last of the mohicans Analysis Essay In The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper, historical romance is apparent through settings, characters and plots. Cooper is considered by many critics to be the father of the American historical romance. Fred Lewis Patee said, â€Å"Not only was Cooper the pioneer (of the historical romance) in America, and thus worthy of the highest praise, but in many respects his romances have never been surpassed.† (212) Cooper celebrated the creative spirit of the individual and had a deep appreciation for nature. He was a romantic who enjoyed the mysteriousness and exoticness of the frontier. He favored the use of emotions over reason. Through his romantic writings, Cooper is able to captivate the reader and led them on journey through his imaginary world. We will write a custom essay on The last of the mohicans Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The setting in The Last of the Mohicans exhibits Cooper’s historical romantic writing. The novel takes place in the American frontier. It is a place of â€Å"†¦wild and virgin nature.† (Roundtree 52) The immense beauty and threat of danger from its’ terrain creates an exotic impression on the reader. The mystique of the frontier entices the reader and allows their imagination to soar. Fred Lewis Pattee expresses his feelings on the use of the setting in â€Å"The Historical Romance: Cooper’s The Last of the Mohicans,† when he says:At every step throughout the romance the reader finds himself in dim, mysterious forests that stretch on every side into the unknown. All of the nameless thrills of a wild life under the open sky sweeps over him. In some mysterious way Cooper makes us feel his environments, and catch to the full all that they hold of mystery and romance. It is a new world that he takes us into, with a language all its own. We are perm itted to learn the alphabet of this language†¦ We are taught to catch the sounds of wild life in the woods; and we tremble to feel that perhaps all about us are malignant beings from whom it is impossible to hide†¦ His descriptions are in reality lyric poems. (213)Cooper’s descriptions of the natural scenery is picturesque and striking. (Parkmam 194) Cooper describes the frontier so vividly that the reader feels transported into the novel. Through his descriptive writings of nature, Cooper shows his deepened appreciation of nature. His descriptions create â€Å"†¦an atmosphere that is vast and satisfying.† (Pattee 212) Cooper, like most romantic writers, writes about an unspoiled America. (Magill 447) He writes about the comely Glenn Falls and the pure forest. He brings the reader into his unblemished world, where everything is pure. The setting in The Last of the Mohicans shows Cooper’s deepened appreciation of nature. Romanticism is also seen in the characters in the novel. The characters are manifestly impossible. (Pattee 212) Hawkeye is one of these impossible characters. He is an ideal character who is pure and untainted by the corruption of society. Hawkeye, like Cooper, is a romantic in that he has a deep respect for nature. Cooper uses Hawkeye to celebrate the creative spirit of the individual. Hawkeye, Chingachgook and Uncas are characters all folklores are about. They are the heroes that complete impossible task to help others. Cooper also portrays, in his novel, the stiff upper-class society and their true desire to escape to the frontier. (Magill 448) Cora and Alice represent the stiff, elegant society. The reader soon sees that under their refined life, they have a wanting to be â€Å"freed† from their upper-class society. They want to escape this boring life and be allowed to live. They see the frontier as this pure, beautiful place where they can be freed of the control of thei r society. (448) Cooper uses characters to portray his romanticism. .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b , .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b .postImageUrl , .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b , .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b:hover , .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b:visited , .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b:active { border:0!important; } .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b:active , .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf44777f88785da6f0e9ed6968643c80b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Giver EssayRomanticism can also be seen in The Last of the Mohicans in the plot. Cooper’s plots favor emotions over reasons. Cooper opens the novel with a historical atmosphere. However, this does not last for long. The reader is soon divulged into a world of Cooper’s imagination. In â€Å"The Historical Romance: Cooper’s Last of the Mohicans’,† Fred Lewis Pattee says this of Cooper’s use of historical background:The romancer uses the past for a background; he creates about his characters an atmosphere that seems to the reader to be like that of some far-distant period; he may even introduce historic personages and historic sce nes, but his work is not history. It is the dream of a poet over the pages of his history. (212)Cooper celebrates the creative spirit by creating an intense plot that captivates the reader. This intensity can be seen in the novel when Alice, Cora, and Major Duncan set out for Fort Henry on the secret route. A dangerous character named Magua leads them. The reader knows that Magua was previously punished severely by the girl’s father. This situation creates a feeling of apprehension for the reader. The reader does not use reason and question why this dangerous character would be chosen to led them, but is filled with suspense as these seemingly innocent characters are put into jeopardy. Cooper keeps the plot movement swift and full of urgency. This technique gives the reader hardly any times to question seriously why Munro’s daughters would push forward their visit at this worst of times and would feel safer almost alone on a dangerous path in savage territory than in t he company of several hundred trained fighting men. (Hart 103) From this early scene, Cooper’s dramatic irony is able to make the readers forget reason and be taken into Cooper’s romantic world through emotions. Cooper keeps the readers in awe by intriguing them with his stories of heroism and fighting. Critic Fred Lewis Pattee calls the novel a â€Å"book of rescues in the nick of time.† (212) This nick of time rescue can be seen when Hawkeye, Chingachgook, and Uncas save Alice and Cora on the summit of a mountain. (212) As one of the Huron Indians raises his knife to kill Heyward, Hawkeye fires his rifle to save the girls. This last minute rescue is not logical to the reader. However, the reason is not questioned because the reader is engrossed in the emotions from the chase scene.Cooper portrays his characters to do impossible feats. His plots favor emotions over reason. James Fenimore Cooper captivates the reader by his use of a romantic plot. James Fenimore Cooper is considered by many to be the father of the American literary movement. His writings put American literature on the level of the distinguished European literature. His romanticism was seen through plots, settings, and characters. Through these techniques, Cooper was able to express his romanticism in a new American way that still fascinates critics all over the world today. James Fenimore Cooper is one of the greatest American literary figures the world has ever seen. Word Count (1033)

Thursday, March 19, 2020

To what extent was Hitler a weak dictator Research Paper Example

To what extent was Hitler a weak dictator Research Paper Example To what extent was Hitler a weak dictator Paper To what extent was Hitler a weak dictator Paper For many reasons Hitler could be described as weak dictator because he failed to control all aspects of the NSDAP effectively largely down to his lazy attitude. This is a view put forward by the structuralist school of thought. However, there is also evidence from intentionalist school of thought that all the major decisions came about from Hitlers decision, such as the outbreak of war in 1939, the Night of the Long Knives in 1934 and the final solution in 1941. Therefore, Hitler could be seen as a very strong and effective dictator. Therefore, both sides of the argument have to be analysed to discover the strength of his dictatorship. In the Nazi state, Hitler made all laws. His power was unlimited and was granted the position of Fuehrer for life. He was the Commander-In-Chief of the armed forces, leader of the Government and Head of State. This was known as Fuehrer power. The Hitler myth was created by Goebbels and Hitler was seen as political genius who had been destined to be great since birth. The German people became devoted to him and even during the lowest points of the war Hitler had the vast support of the German public, which highlights his power. The party was organised around Hitler as a pyramid, with Hitler at the top of the Nazi hierarchy, followed by 36 Gauleiters or district leaders including high-ranking Nazis such as Hermann Goring and Joseph Goebbels. All laws came from either Hitler signing the decree or from Hitlers orders and he had the final say in any dispute. Similarly all the major decisions came about from Hitlers decision, such as the outbreak of war in 1939, the Night of the Long Knives in 1934 and the Final Solution in 1941, therefore, suggesting that Hitler was a strong dictator. However, it is unconceivable that one man could be in charge of the entire government like Fuehrer power suggests. This meant that Hitler had to rely heavily on other leading Nazis such as Goering, Goebbels and Himmler. In recent years, historians have begun to see a different image of Hitler, compared to the view of Hitler in Nazi Germany. One historian wrote Hitler was unwilling to take decisions, frequently uncertain, exclusively concerned with upholding his prestige and personal authority, influenced in the strongest fashion by his current entourage, in some respects a weak dictator. These structuralists believe that Hitler forsook everyday government business for an indolent life instead paying little attention to the running of the country. He hated committees and gradually removed the government cabinets. These were the traditional methods of running the country. In 1933, the cabinet met 72 times, while in 1935 just 12 times and it was removed by 1938. Rather than concentrating on the problems the party faced, Hitler would immerse himself in pet projects such as architecture. Albert Speer, who redesigned much of Berlin in the Nazi regime described how adjutants often asked me: please dont show any plans today', depicting this latest view of Hitler. This idleness gives an insight into why the Nazi government was so disorganised. Decisions throughout the party were all attributed to the will of the fuehrer and were made by Nazi officials following Hitler around and picking up on his rambling. At every level of the party there was rivalry for power and many were doing the same job as each other. Even at the very top of the hierarchy the four main Nazis behind Hitler Goering, Goebbels, Roehm and Himmler had an intense rivalry for power each trying to out do each other to increase their power. An example of this is Himmler and Goering plotting to remove Ernst Roehm from power leading up to the Night of the Long Knives, by complying a file claiming Roehm was be paid by the French to remove Hitler. Another example is that Goebbels inspired Krystalnacht. However, despite this heated competition, Hitler managed to hold the party together adding weight to the intentionalist claim that Hitler was a strong dictator, although it could be argued that it was a weakness that allowed the personal empires to grow, possibly threatening his position, for example Roehm before the Night of the Long Knives. The battle for power could also be attributed to Hitlers desire for Social Darwinism throughout the party so it would always be strong. Hitler believed that things would sort themselves out without interference and this can be seen in his policy with conquered countries during the war. Rather than tell Nazis in the respective countries how they should run the country, he just told them that in ten years time, the country must be Nazified, again showing that Hitlers running of the government was largely haphazard indicating his weakness as a dictator. The Night of the Long Knives is a good example of how Hitler was a strong dictator. The Night of the Long Knives was a very successful and efficient way of removing the enemies of the party, organised by Hitler. In that single night, Hitler managed to remove all power from a potential rival to his power the SA, who had been causing trouble threatening Hitlers support from the established German society and Ernst Rohm who was encouraging a second revolution. It also gained the support of the army, which would be vital for the establishment of a totalitarian state and future foreign policy and expansion. However, this event also shows Hitlers failing as a dictator. That fact that Hitler allowed the SA to get out of hand shows that he was a very ineffective dictator. It can also be said that Hitler had very little to do with the Night of the Long Knives. Going and Goebbels organised the attack by complying a dossier on Rohm and persuaded Hitler to act against his long time friend. Various sources suggest that Hitler was in fact reluctant to act. The intentionalist view of Hitler could also be challenged. Structuralists believe the Third Reich was largely down to a nationalist movement. Therefore, it can be seen why German intentionalists would be willing to blame all the atrocities of the war on a dead leader, claiming they had to obey, absolving all blame from themselves. In the early years of the Nazi party, Hitler can be seen as a strong dictator who played a vital part in their rise to power. However, as time progressed he can be seen as indolent and heavily reliable on his inner circle of Nazis. Power seemed to rest with the individuals who chased personal power for example Himmler, who elevated himself up the party hierarchy. There are various examples of Hitler being inspired on particular products, but many sources describe that this enthusiasm was rare and for the majority of the time Hitler was very idle and the inner circle of Nazis did the work of the party. Evidence suggests that from the mid 1930s onwards, Hitler was merely a figurehead for propaganda as he was worshiped by the public and although he had unlimited power, he rarely used it.

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

Seiridium Cankers on Leyland Cypress

Seiridium Cankers on Leyland Cypress My Leyland cypress hedge has Seiridium unicorne canker fungus. The photo you see is one of many Leylands in my yard. I often regret my decision to plant the species but I also wish I had reviewed this material before I planted Underneath that spot of dead foliage is a seiridium canker, also called coryneum canker, and is a big problem on Leyland cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii) trees. The fungus will destroy the cypress form and cause eventual death if not controlled. Seiridium canker is usually localized on individual limbs and should be removed immediately.   If you control this situation early, you can improve the condition of the tree and its future outcome. If you leave it for another day, you will regret it. Fungal spores from an active canker are often washed down the tree or splashed from tree to tree by rain or overhead irrigation.  New infections develop when spores lodge in bark cracks and wounds and this process quickly overwhelms the tree. Disease Description: So, seiridium canker fungus is a major problem owners of Leyland cypress, especially in the southeastern United States. Cankers can be identified as sunken, dark brown or purplish patches on limb bark and there us usually excessive resin flow from the patch. It should be recognized that resin flow can occur from the branches and stems of trees that do not have the disease. Other diseases like Botryosphaeria cankers, Cercospora needle blight, Phytophthora and Annosus root rots can have very similar characteristics. Be careful not to use resin flow alone as a diagnosis for Seiridium canker. The uncontrolled canker over time will destroy the cypress form and eventually cause the trees death. Seiridium canker is usually localized on individual limbs and shows mostly as dead foliage (see attached photo). Disease Symptoms: In many cases, the canker will disfigure and damages trees, most particularly in hedges and screens that are heavily pruned. The limb is usually dry, dead, often discolored, with a sunken or cracked area surrounded by living tissue (see attached photo). In many cases there is a gray discoloration at the point of infection. The foliage dies beyond the canker point to the limb tip. Disease Prevention and Control: Provide adequate space when planting trees to prevent the stress of crowding and to increase the air circulation. Planting at a minimum of 12 to 15 feet between trees may look excessive but will pay off in just a few years. Do not over-fertilize trees and mulch under trees to at least the drip line. These recommendations will minimize stressful water loss and the ever-present competition for water from surrounding plants. as well as potential damage to trees from lawn mowers and string trimmers. Prune away the diseased branches as soon after they appear as possible. Make the pruning cuts 3 to 4 inches below the diseased canker patch. You should always destroy diseased plant parts and try to avoid physical damage to plants. Sanitize pruning tools between each cut by dipping in rubbing alcohol or in a solution of 1 part chlorine bleach to 9 parts water. Chemical control of the fungus has proven to be difficult but some success has been noted with a full-coverage fungicide spray at monthly intervals from April to October.

Sunday, February 16, 2020

Case study on reducing customer churn fir T-Mobile Essay

Case study on reducing customer churn fir T-Mobile - Essay Example The rule was further enhanced by Sherden as 20-80-30 expressing the idea that the top 20 percent of customers generate 80 percent of the companys profits, half of which is lost serving the bottom 30 percent of the unprofitable customers (Sherden, 1994). Customer retention has become harder with the propagation of internet and increased bandwidth. Provision of several options has made the switching barriers ineffective. In order to keep the customer base in the safety net it is important for the company to fill all the loops and holes to avoid customer leakages. It is always important for the Telecommunication companies to find new and innovative ways of finding about the factors, which lead to the customer defection. It is also imperative for the company to create a connection with the customers being at high risk of defection and reduce the overall churn rate. It is important to tie the above mentioned segments in the loyalty string of the company. An automated survey query can be sent to the customers through email or the survey can be directly undertaken by sending an automated call to the specific numbers of the target audiences in order to get instant response from the customers on daily basis form both the segments of Pay Monthly and Pay as You Go customers. The survey then can be reviewed by the customer care staff so that call centre representatives can purposefully undertake conversation with the customer providing negative feedback. On the next level the customer should be provided with the opportunity to again fill a brief survey form. If again the feedback is negative the customer should be asked if they would like to speak with a manager regarding their issue(s). Managers should be notified of the customer call-back requests on urgent basis. The data regarding the customer’s survey responses should also be provided to t he manager in order to undertake useful follow up with the customers. The loss of the customers can be

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Loyalty Card Scheme Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Loyalty Card Scheme - Coursework Example When the buyer joins the loyalty scheme they may be asked to complete a form which asks for details such as their name and address; these are subsequently entered into a database. Once a buyer has an entry in the database, further records of buyer buys can be added, so that eventually it is possible to build a profile of person buyer purchasing behaviour. This record of buyer purchase report can then be used to segment the retailer's buyer base, for reason of direct advertising and tailoring other marketing interactions and special offers to buyer desires. In exchange for registration, the buyer receives points that can be used in full or part payment for products or services. There has been considerable debate about the value of loyalty cards for both the consumer and the scheme's sponsor. Criticism can be grouped into those that cast doubt on whether what might merely be viewed as a modest discount arrangement, akin to electronic green shield stamps can generate buyer loyalty, and those who comment on the difficulties associated with the analysis of the buyer purchase data that retailers can collect through loyalty schemes. This article undertakes a case study based analysis of the Tesco Clubcard loyalty scheme. This loyalty scheme extends beyond the traditional model of a loyalty scheme in which buyers exchange modest rewards for buyer data and information, to the creation of a affiliation or brand web. Buyers are invited to engage with this web at a number of different levels. After a review of some of the earlier work on loyalty schemes, this article first describes elements of the Tesco Clubcard loyalty scheme, in terms of rewards, deals, and integrating channels. Finally, the article poses a number of research questions that extend beyond the more parochial assessments of the impact on loyalty scheme membership loyal behaviours, buyer value, and business performance, to the potential of loyalty schemes in building brand perceptions and experience. LITERATURE REVIEW Affiliation marketing shifts the focus of the marketing exchange from transactions to affiliations (Foss and Stone, 2001; Peck et al., 1999; Christopher et al., 1991; Buttle, 1996). Affiliation marketing recognizes that a stable buyer base is a core business asset. The essence and nature of affiliations and their business vale is summarizing in the concept of buyer loyalty, and its associated literature. The benefits of buyer loyalty to a provider of either services or products include: - lower buyer price sensitivity; - reduced expenditure on attracting new buyers; and - improved organisational profitability. Buyers may demonstrate their loyalty in any one of a number of ways; they may choose to stay with a provider, whether this continuance is defined as a affiliation or not, or they may increase the number of purchases or the frequency of their purchases or even both. They may also become advocates of the organisation concerned by playing a powerful role in the decision-making of others (Hallowell, 1996; Birgelen et al., 1997; Reichheld et al., 2000; Bolton et al., 2000). Loyalty schemes have become widespread in recent years. Byrom et al. (2001) recommend that there is over 150 such idea in the UK, resulting in the

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Level of Stress in Final Year Students | Research

Level of Stress in Final Year Students | Research Level of stress in Final year MBBS students at Rural Medical College: A Cross-sectional Study. Shelke Umesh S1, Kunkulol Rahul R2, Narwane Sandeep P3 Abstract: Introduction: Stress, defined as an imbalance between environmental conditions necessary for survival and the ability of individuals to adapt to those conditions, has a high prevalence in MBBS students. A variety of stressors play a significant role in developing stress. Objective:  To study the level of stress and stressors responsible in Final MBBS students of Rural Medical College, Loni. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in 100 students (50 of either sex) willing to participate in the study. They were subjected to fill the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire, which consists of 40 questions for evaluating the stressors and severity of stress perceived by the subjects.  Results: 71% subjects’ perceived moderate stress, while 13% and 16% perceived high and mild stress respectively. Academic stressor counted for moderate stress in 63% and high stress in 24 % of subjects, which was higher than other stressors. Conclusion: Academic stressors bein g the major stressor perceived,Strategies are required to decrease the burden of academic stress in the students. Introduction Stress is defined as an imbalance between environmental conditions necessary for survival and the ability of individuals to adapt to those conditions1.Studies have revealed a high prevalence of stress in medical students, ranging from 30% to 50%2-7. Learning a lot of new information in relatively short time, with pressure of exams,cause development of stress in medical students 8. A stressor is defined as a personal or environmental event that causes stress9, 10. Stressors of medical students can be grouped into academic related, intrapersonal and interpersonal related, teaching and learning-related, social related, drive and desire related and group activities related stressors3. One or more of such stressors might act at the same time and contribute in development of stress among students. Excessive amount of stress in medical training predisposes students to have difficulties in solving interpersonal conflicts,sleeping disorder, decreased attention, reduced concentration, temptation to cheat on exams, depression, loss of objectivity, increased incidence of errors, and improper behavior, such as negligence. Stress may also manifest in the form of headaches, gastrointestinal disorders, coronary heart disease, impaired judgments, absenteeism, self-medication, suicidal ideation, depression and the consumption of drugs and alcohol11,12. A few studies in India have studied the prevalence of stress and stressors responsible in medical students. The present study (references from folder Indian references) was planned to study of stress in last year medical students at Rural Medical College. Methods A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted with a study population of 100 medical students (50 of either sex) in III MBBS from Rural Medical College, Loni, Ahmednagar. Duration of the study conducted form 1stFebruary 2014 to 1st March 2014. IEC approval was taken before the commencement of study. Students who were ready to give consent were enrolled in the study and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. III MBBS students of either sex consenting to participate were included in the study. Students not ready to participate or of other year were excluded from the study. The participants were subjected toMedical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ)3 The MSSQ consists of 40 items representing the six stressor domains.Each item were answered in the form of score as The 40 items were divide into sections A(20 items) and B(20 items) respectively. Total score of A and B of each domain were divided by following value and results were interpreted. 1. Academic related stressors (ARS) =13 2. Intrapersonal and interpersonal related stressors (IRS) =7 3. Teaching and learning-related stressors (TLRS) =7 4. Social related stressors (SRS) =6 5. Drive and desire related stressors (DRS) =3 6. Group activities related stressors (GARS) =4 Interpretation: 0.00-1.00 causes mild stress 1.01-2-00 causes moderate stress 2.01-3.00 causes high stress. 3.01-4.00 causes Severe stress. The mild type of stress means it does not cause any or mild stress. The moderate type indicated that it caused reasonable but manageable stress. The high type of stress indicated lot of stress and causes emotional disturbances and mildly compromises daily activities. The severe stress indicates severe emotional disturbances and compromise of daily activities. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed by Chi- square test. Results: Moderate type of stress due to academic related stressors was commonly seen in final year MBBS students in both genders. 33% females and 30% malesshowed Moderate type of stress. 15% femalesshowed high type of stress as compared to 9% in males.Severe type of stress was seen in one male. 80% of males and 96% of females suffered from moderate, high or severe type of stress due to academic related stressors. (Table 1) Table: 1Distribution between Academic related stressors (ARS) and Gender Value of χ ² =7.976, d.f. = 3, significant, p By applying g Chi-square test there is a significant association between ARS and gender (p Table: 2 Distribution between Intrapersonal and interpersonal related stressors (IRS) Table 2 showsfrequency of stress due to IRS. Moderate type of stress due to intrapersonal and interpersonal related stressors in final year MBBS students was high in both gender. 29% females and 25% males showed moderate type of stress. 10% malesand 8% femalesshowedhigh type of stress due to intrapersonal and interpersonal related stressors. 70% of males and 74% of females suffered from moderate to high type of stress in this category. Table: 3 Distribution between Teaching and learning-related stressors (TLRS) and Gender. Value of χ ² =3.226, d.f.=2, significant, p By applying g Chi-square test there is a significant association between Teaching and learning-related stressors (TLRS) and sex (p Table 3 showed more number of moderate type of stress due to teaching and learning-related stressors (TLRS) in final year MBBS students in both gender. 30% females and 29% malesshowed moderate type of stress. 17% males showed mild type of stress and 9% femalesshowed high type of stress due to teaching and learning-related stressors (TLRS). 66% of males and 78% of females suffered from moderate to high type of stress. Table: 4 Distribution between Social related stressors (SRS) and Gender Table 4 displays more moderate type of stress due to social related stressors (SRS) in final year MBBS students in both genders. 28% females and 26% males showed moderate type of stress. 20% malesshowed mild type of stress and 8% femalesshowed high type of stress due to social related stressors (SRS). 60% of males and 80% of females showed moderate to high type of stress. Table: 5Association between Drive and desire related stressors (DRS) and Gender Value of χ ² =3.648, d.f.=3, significant, p By applying g Chi-square test there is a significant association between Drive and desire related stressors (DRS) and sex (p Table 5 shows more subjects showing mild type of stress due to drive and desire related stressors (DRS) in final year MBBS students in both genders. 31 % males and 24% femalesshowed moderate type of stress. 19% femalesshowed mild type of stress, 5% femalesshowed high type of stress and 2% femalesshowedsevere type of stress due to drive and desire related stressors (DRS). 38% of males and 52% of females showed moderate to severe type of stress. Table: 6Association between Group activities related stressors (GARS) and Gender Table 6 showed more moderate type of stress due to group activities related stressors (GARS) in final year MBBS students in both gender. 22 % males and 23% femalesshowed moderate type of stress. 21% malesshowed mild type of stress, 8% femalesshowed high type of stress and 1% malesfemalesshowedSevere type of stress due to group activities related stressors (GARS). Table 7 Stressors according to rank of mean degree of stress perceived by medical students. Test and examinations was the only item that caused moderate to high stress among students. All other items fell under the category of mild to moderate stress except working with computers and talking to patients about personal problems. Table 7. Stressors according to rank of mean degree of stress perceived by medical students (by MSSQ) Degree of stress classification: 0 1.00 is ‘causing nil to mild stress’, 1.01 – 2.00 is ‘causing mild to moderate stress’, 2.01 – 3.00 is ‘causing moderate to high stress’ and 3.01 – 4.00 is ‘causing high to severe stress’ Discussion MSSQ having a high score in a particular stressor group generally indicates that the subjects perceive events, conditions or situations from that particular group as causing the subjects stress. The scores, however, do require frank and honest response in order for it to be of any use. The scores are also affected by factors which can falsely increase or lower the scores, but generally the validity and reliability studies have indicated that the scores from the questionnaire are highly trustworthy.8 Personal and environmental events that cause stress are known as stressors9,10. Stressors of medical students are grouped into six categories. Academic related stressors refer to any event related to the academics of the students.Interpersonal and intrapersonal related stressors refer to any form of relationships between and within individuals that cause stress. Teaching and learning related stressors refer to any events related to teaching or learning that causes stress. Social related stressors refer to any form of community and societal relationships that cause stress. Drive and desire related stressors refer to any form of internal or external forces that influence one’s attitude, emotion, thought and behavior which subsequently cause stress.Group activities related stressors refer to any group events and interactions that cause stress13. In present study moderate type of stress caused due all the 6 stressors was commonly seen in both genders of final year MBBS students. Statistically significant difference was seen in males and females with respect to academic related, teaching related and drive and desire related stressors. This difference was also noted in a study by Waghachavare et.al.14 Our study showed 58% of males and 64% of females perceiving moderate to high type of stress. This was high as compared to studies conducted in Malaysia which were 29.1 % to 41.9% in government institutes2,5,6 and 46.2% in a private school6, as measured by GHQ-12.In a study on medical student conducted in GS medical college, it was observed that 73% of students perceived stress15. Zung’sself rating scale for depression was used for the study. In the study by Waghachavareet.al.14,which used DASS-21 and GAD scales, stress was perceived by 34 % of medical students. There was a significant difference between males and females perceiving stress. The academic related stressor had 63% of population in the moderate type of stress, while it became 88% when moderate to severe type of stress added together. Academic related stressor was followed by intra and interpersonal related, teaching and learning related, social related, group related and drive and desire related stressors. The academic factor was higher stressor as compared to physical, emotional and social factors in the study conducted in GS medical college. Studies have revealed that the stressors affecting medical students’ well-being seem to be related to the medical training, especially academic matters3, 6, 14-19. On ranking the items depending upon the mean level of stress that the students perceived, it was found that the stress related to the academics was highest (Table 7). This finding supports the findings of the study done by Yusoff et al.2 To conclude, the study showed high prevalence of stress among students with respect to different stressors. Academic stressors have significant association with stress among students. Females show more stress as compared to males. Strategies are required to decrease the burden of academic stress in the students. Acknowledgement: Final MBBS students (Batch 2011 and 2012) and Mr. Hemant Pawar (Statistician), Department of Pharmacology Research cell, Rural Medical College (PIMS- DU), Loni. References Rosenham D L, Seligman M E. Abnormal psychology. 2nd ed. New York: Norton; 1989. Muhamad SBY, Ahmad FAR, Yaacob MJ. Prevalence and sources of stress among medical students in UniversitiSains Malaysia [Thesis]. Medical Education: UniversitiSains Malaysia (USM), Mei; 2009. Muhamad SBY, Ahmad FAR, Yaacob MJ. The development and validity of the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ). ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry. 2010; 11 (1). Zaid ZA, Chan SC, Ho, JJ.). Emotional disorders among medical students in a Malaysian private medical school. Singapore Med J. 2007;48(10), 895-899. Sherina MS, Lekhraj R, Nadarajan K. Prevalence of emotional disorder among medical students in a Malaysian university. Asia Pacific Family Medicine. 2003; 2, 213-217. Saipanish, R. Stress among medical students in a Thai medical school. Med Teach. 2003; 25(5); 502-506. Miller, PM, Surtees, PG. (1991). Psychological symptoms and their course in first-year medical students as assessed by the Interval General Health Questionnaire (I-GHQ). Br J Psychiatry.1991; 159, 199-207. Yussof M, Baba A. Prevalence and associated factors of stress, anxiety and depression among prospective medical students. Asian Journal of Psychiatry.2013;59 (2),128–133. Lazarus RS. Theory-Based Stress Measurement. Psychology Inquiry. 1990; 1 (1), 3-13. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer; 1984. O’Rourke M, Hammond S. The Medical Student Stress Proà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ le: a tool for stress audit in medical training. Medical Education. 2010; 27 (44): 1027–1037. Dahlin M, Nilsson C, Stotzer E, Runeson B. Mental distress, alcohol use and help-seeking among medical and business students: A cross-sectional comparative study. BMC Med Educ. 2011;11:92. Muhamad SBY, Ahmad FAR. The Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) Manual . 1st edi. Malaysia: KKMED Publications; 2010. Waghachavare VB, Dhumale GB, Kadam YR, Gore AD. A Study of Stress among Students of Professional Colleges from an Urban area in India. Sultan Qaboos University Med J.2013;13(3):429-436. Supe A N. A study of stress in medical students at Seth G.S. Medical College. J Postgrad Med.1998; 44:1-6 Aktekin M, Karaman T, Senol YY, Erdem S, Erengin H, Akaydin M. Anxiety, depression and stressful life events among medical students: a prospective study in Antalya,Turkey. Medical Education. 2001; 35(1): 12-17. Guthrie EA., Black D, Shaw CM, Hamilton J, Creed FH, Tomenson B. Embarking upon a medical career: psychological morbidity in first year medical students. Med Educ. 1995; 29(5): 337-341. Kaufman DM, Day V, Mensink D. Stressors in 1st-year medical school: comparison of a conventional and problem-based curriculum. Teaching and Learning in Medicine. 1996; 8(4), 188-194. Kaufman DM, Day V, Mensink D. Stressors in Medical School: Relation to curriculum format and year of study. Teaching and Learning in Medicine. 1998; 10(3), 188-194.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Use of Real Options Theory in Financial Management/Modeling

At a previous employment environment, the president of the corporation acted on a whim, rather than, conducting a series of testing for his expansion to go into other businesses ventures. Within a few short months, the plan was abandoned for lack of profitability. As an employee, I thought of this as a failure on the owner’s part. However, the Real Options Theory is basically, weighing the outcome for expansion or acquisition utilizing capital investments for future ventures. Consider Real Option theory as a method to remove some of the risk in capital investments. Helpful assistance and decision making can be derived using such charts as the Decision Tree. The decision can be extremely tiresome. Use of Real Options Theory in Financial Management/Modeling Long past are the days, where a company can sit idling waiting for an idea, because while waiting someone else is making the move. The benefits that an older company may experience through experience may not fit into today’s society of technological changes. However, the risk of a company that has existed over 50 years, can they lose to new companies that evolve because of revolutionary changes in the ability to change the course of history. Creating valuable service for consumers and bringing a product or service to market, must be planned to meet the expectations of stockholder profits. Consider the comparison of social networking sites, Myspace and Facebook. Both are considered to be rapidly growing and competitive to increasing in membership. However, rapidly increase the popularity of Facebook and exceeded the expectations within the social network environment. The billion dollar corporation enters the market with more appeal to younger consumer, as well as a variety of other industries. Facebook provided more appeal by allowing the markets to meet the consumer where they were located, rather than wait on the consumer to come to them. As financial managers in the corporate environment decide which project is beneficial to stock holders’, returns on investment, and which should be abandoned or expanded, risk can become a certainty in the outcome. The risk of capital investment in the attempt to take on future debts just because they have a hunch that the business will be a success. The amount of time to construct a business model would save enormous amounts of money before taking on the future project. Gathering data of the competitive market and using past financial accounting statements will be useful, however, with new projects, there will be limitations, but estimation of the percentage values can be constructed. Strategic budgeting and capital investment planning decisions to expand into the future profitability of a company can be agonizing if not properly planned by financial managers. The assets, in addition to capital and distribution, change over long periods of time according to the supply and demand of the consumer markets. The net present value (NPV) of what is available, as far as Return on Assets and the Return on Investment (ROI). Cost projection into buying new equipment, inventory over the long run rather than a short period. Capital resources and budgets are the topics as it relates to using the Real Options Theory in Financial Management Modeling. Financial managers can utilize the Real Options Theory as a series of practical solutions to foresee into the future over several years. New products and the amount of capital to invest as well as the funding needed to make an expansion or either to realize that the project would not work. Theoretically, it is very simple and that many companies would utilize this theory. However, the recap or history of business failures is not seen in the futility of business success. The numbers may not lie. All systems may say go full steam ahead with the plans for expansion; however, there is a business cycle which will prove the business model incorrect. According to Rothbard, (2005), expectation in business fluctuations all the time. There is no need for any special â€Å"cycle theory† to account for them. It is simply the results of changes in economic data and is fully explained by economic theory. Many economists, however, attribute general business depression to â€Å"weaknesses† caused by a â€Å"depression in building† or a â€Å"farm depression. † But declines in specific industries can never ignite a general depression. Shifts in data will cause increases in activity in one field, declines in another. There is nothing here to account for a general business depression — a phenomenon of the true â€Å"business cycle. † It is pointless to say, as many people do, that a farm depression will ignite a general depression, because farmers will buy less goods, the people in industries selling to farmers will buy less, etc. This ignores the fact that people producing the other goods now favored by consumers will prosper; their demands will increase. (2005, pp. 6) Both the entrepreneur and large corporations have ideas to expand into new market. The main goal is company profits, either with or without expansion. Business expansion into other industries or international territories with current business. However great the idea may seem at the Real Options application of theory will conclude how fallible an idea with be in implementation. Payback period, cash flows and internal rate of return, as well as long term debt financing are the foundation of provision for utilizing the real options theory. Major growth will not derive from duplication of products that are already in the market place, but to begin with creating superior quality and improvements. Such as Facebook found a better way for people to communicate over the internet. Before Myspace, there were such things as electronic mail. Facebook, the ability to socialize as well as form groups, and fan pages begin with meager begins on a college campus. However, did the owner plan for this growth or was it happenstance. How does the work into the corporate structure for a welding company or maybe a warehouse which manufactures auto parts? Examining the stream of information within the forums, research and development addressed. According to Ketchen et al, (2007), â€Å"entrepreneurship refers to firms' pursuit of superior performance via simultaneous opportunity-seeking and advantage-seeking activities. Both small and large firms face impediments while pursuing strategic entrepreneurship† (2007, p. 71)In other words, rather an entrepreneur or fortune 500 company, Real Options Theory, should be the focus to starting a new business, taking on expansion or abandoning projects. The only difference will be in the amount of capital investments. Kretchen et al, continues to state, Ketchen, et al, (2007), While small firms' opportunity-seeking skills may be strong, their limited knowledge stocks and lack of market power inhibit their ability to enact the competitive advantages necessary to an appropriate value from opportunities the firms choose to pursue. In contrast, large firms are skilled at establishing ompetitive advantages, but their heavy emphasis on the efficiency of their existing businesses often undermines their ability to continuously explore for additional opportunities. (2007, p. 371) There are many three components in which company financial manager should be interested in the expected return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and debt ratio. Finally, another method of expansion can be with the acquisition of new business that is in operation. As stated by Stefano, Reality is that buyers must have capital available to be competitive in acqu isition negotiations. Accumulating capital may be as simple as retaining earnings in the agency instead of distributing those earnings, which is the equivalent of creating a war chest. The other option is to have a line of credit available from a financial institution. Banks are much more willing to offer financing for acquisitions than in years past. Today many banks are in the insurance business and got there through acquisitions. Insurers are also very supportive of the acquisition process and will uncover acquisition prospects because they like to see their successful agencies growing. Stefano, 2005) As explained by Childs et al, (Sep. , 1998), summarizes several calculation in deductive and calculated reasoning for financial managerial modeling and utilizing the Real Options Theory. They state, â€Å"consider a firm that has the opportunity to invest in two projects (a and b). Investment in each project takes place in two stages: The firm can invest in C1 R (I = a, b) to develop a project, which res olves uncertainty regarding the project’s future profitability; it can then make a further investment of K1, (i= a, b) to implement a project. 1998, p. 308). It is clearly mentions by Childs et al, the â€Å"NPV framework for making capital investment decisions has been extended to recognize the dynamic nature of investment decisions† (Childs, p. 305) According to Miller who goes into greater details of the formulation of providing computations to make a decision, it basically states if one project NPV is greater than 0, then it would be wise to invest in the project or product. Screenshot, (2005, p. 7) Summary Companies can no longer hesitate to make a business decision. However, ecisions that are not planned out utilizing capital assets can also cause undue hardship. It is no longer the large Fortune 500 companies designing the most innovative products and services, but also it can be the small entrepreneur with a grand idea. The markets no longer persuaded by familiar names, but can be mesmerized by new names such as Facebook. Methodology and theoretical planning and measurements can be experimenting with resourceful application s as Real Options Theory. By carefully measuring the logistics of one or more projects and committing or abandoning them all.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Burning Down The House By Neil Bernstein - 761 Words

Burning Down the House Review America’s answer for dealing with crime prevention is locking up adult offenders in correctional facilities with little rehabilitation for reentry into society. American response for crime prevention for juvenile’s offenders is the same strategy used against adult offenders taken juvenile offenders miles away from their environment and placed in adult like prisons. However the way juvenile our house and treated while in the care of state corrections officer is more detrimental mental and physical health of juvenile offenders as explained in Neil Bernstein (2014) Burning down the House. Neil Bernstein (2014) takes an in-depth look into juvenile prisons facilities practices and procedures that has a life altering effect on juveniles entering correctional facilities. Many juveniles who entered the juvenile justice system are victims themselves of parental mistreatment such as neglect, physical, and emotional abuse. Once children into the juvenile system and is labeled a ju venile similar to adults being labeled a felon. These young offenders are stigmatized as criminal with little distinction between adults and juvenile offenders entering the prison system for the first time. Bernstein (2014) paints a vivid picture of how incarcerated juveniles expose to a new set of challenges such as posttraumatic stress syndrome, curtailed education, gang affiliation, and a gladiator mentality. These challenges that can develop in juvenile facility hasShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthe exponential increase in human reliance on fossil fuel energy sources over the course of the long twentieth century has degraded the land, water, and air of the planetary environment. From multinational corporations to impoverished peasants burning away the rain forest for land to plant their crops or pasture their cattle, he seeks to identify the specific agents responsible for both pollution and ecological degradation. And he tracks underlying trends and factors—such as rapid population Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesRobert D. Nale, Coastal Carolina University; Robert H. Votaw, Amber University; Don Fagan, Daniel Webster University; Andrew J. Deile, Mercer University; Samuel Hazen, Tarleton State University; Michael B. McCormick, Jacksonville State University; Neil K. Friedman, Queens College; Lawrence Aronhime, John Hopkins University; Joseph Marrocco, Boston University; Morgan Milner, Eastern Michigan University; Souha Ezzedeen, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg; Regina Hughes, University of Texas;

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Human Resources Management Processes Plan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 5019 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The following article about Air Arabia discusses the HRM processes that are involved within an organization. As the organization is of a substantially big size, the process of job evaluation and design, hiring, training, performance evaluation and career planning becomes extremely important. We have seen the basis on which job evaluation has been done. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Human Resources Management Processes Plan" essay for you Create order This includes skills, efforts, responsibilities and working conditions. Many-a-times a recruiter does not focus on working conditions suitability for the employees in the future. This has also been mentioned in the article. We have also seen the processes that are included in hiring. They include recruitment, selection and socialization. It is notable to see the differences between recruitment and selection which have often been confused in the past. We have also seen the importance that socialization in the form of social networking sites have in the HRM processes in an organization. Following this are the performance evaluation criteria for the organization. The article shows the significance of goal setting and annual evaluation in this context. Finally we have also seen the advantages that career planning have in an organization. Much of the problems that can take place between an employer and an employee can easily be solved by making use of a regulated career planning. Much of the motivation for an employee comes from career planning. Moreover, it also sets the career opportunities in the organization. It becomes even more essential for an organization like Air Arabia, which cant afford de-motivated employees considering the degree of competition that exists these days. Introduction Air Arabia is the first and also the largest passenger carriers in the Middle East and North African countries. The company has been making incessant successes in the past with the ultimate theme of being a low-cost carrier. Air Arabia has spread across 57 destinations with its flight services that are now amongst the most reliable and comfortable in the region. It totally suits the idea of value for money. One can also consider Air Arabia to be one of the largest organizations in the country as far as flight services are concerned. The reason for the same is its widespread network which it has started to maintain. For a company that is so huge in its network, one would certainly require a suitable HR system to be in place. This is because; it would have to keep up with the reputation that it boasts of. The company has a mission of maintaining multi-functional teams which makes it even more important to have a well-selected crew. This is the place where HRM has a role to play. The entire design that is involved in selecting the employees has to be extremely organized so as to meet the expectations of an organization as huge as Air Arabia. (Know Us, 2010) Job Evaluation and Design Process For a large organization, especially when it gets distributed in different branches, one would have to perform a ranking of each of the jobs. The reason for the same is that once this is done, responsibilities can easily be assigned to the employees who are deemed to be eligible for a particular job. The job evaluation criterion is also reasonable from the perspective of defining the salaries and wages of the employees. This is because, once the companies can make an estimate the quality that exists in a person, they can very well map it to the salary they can offer. There are various factors on which job evaluation and design of a particular company are based. They have been mentioned as follows: Skill The first of these factors is the skill possessed by the individuals. It is very important for a company to recruit aspirants on the basis of the skill-set they possess. On numerous occasions, a company can manage with the employees of a lower skill category, but it is the specific skill-set that a person possesses which accounts for the work done during critical periods. Only once Air Arabia is well- acquainted of the skills of the employees it can make use of the right employees at the right time. The parameters for job evaluation through skills are education, experience and communication. The following discussion explains the utility of each one of them in the job evaluation and design process: Education: This is the foremost criterion that every company must see in order to fulfil the goals of selecting the best candidates. The amount of education that employees in Air Arabia have determines the strength of the company to a large degree. This includes those who are appointed as pilots to those who are appointed as managers in different sectors like marketing, finance and human resource. It is only through a sound education system that air-hostesses in the flights used by Air Arabia can make live up to customers expectation even when they know that the customer is not all that educated to understand. These are the times that ethical behaviour which is taught as an integral part of education comes into play. If one sees the marketing role played by the company, it is certainly a break-point to be recognized as a low-cost carrier in the market. This is where education counts. Experience: Another very important factor for the job evaluation process is to know the experience of a candidate. The reason is that based on experiences, one can rank a person to a particular job. The organization hierarchy is rather based on the experience of a candidate. Even the pay-scale for an experienced candidate is generally more as compared to that for a fresh entrant. Many-a-times, past results become extremely useful for decision analysis purposes. But it becomes very significant at that point in time if the experienced employees are the ones who were actually a part of those past projects. This is where paying more to such people actually makes more sense. Communication: The final criterion in the skill section is that of communication. This becomes important as education and experience would only be extremely y be meaningful if there is communication involved in it. The employees are required to know the native language of the region along with English as well so as to make the maximum out of their skills. It is generally better to be able to convey rather that just waiting for circumstances to become worse. Effort The second criterion for job evaluation and design is effort. Air Arabia, being a flight carrier requires a huge amount of mental labour to be involved in most of their work. This is because it is certainly not an easy job to be at such huge altitudes having the responsibility of so many on your shoulders. In spite of all taking all the precautionary measures, if something goes wrong, problem solving techniques also count for all the employees. As this is a very critical job, so this attribute is also a must for the employees. There are other characteristic like concentration and complexity which also form a major reason for the company to accept or reject candidates. Once again, for a job as difficult as this, a high deal of concentration and a capability to fight the complexities are of high value for the company. (An Overview of the Job Evaluation Process, 2010) Responsibility For a company as large as Air Arabia, there are many dimensions of responsibility. These are in the field of finance, supervision, act of liberty, decision making, liaison and operations. Every candidate selected should be able to possess at least one of these responsibilities so as to deserve a place in the company. It must also be mentioned that these responsibilities are a long way possible after a certain degree of experience and education in the field. This is the reason that the job recruitment process for a person who is experienced should consist of a test to note the extent that the candidate has gone in responsibility after such exposure to the industry. Working Conditions The final criterion for job evaluation and design is the working condition that the employee finds suitable for the person to have. This is attributed to the mental demand of the candidate. There are many candidates who in spite of having all the experiences and education in the industry, do not find it mentally suitable to work in flight. Many-a-times, the physical efforts and the visual demand also are areas of concern for the employees. So, job evaluation and design should be done in such a way that the companies are able to find the employees who can best suit the work environment that they can provide. Hiring Process Recruitment One must acknowledge the fact that a systematic process in the hiring procedure is a must for a company to accommodate people who can best serve to achieve the companys goals. So, as far as the first step is concerned, it starts with the process of recruitment. It is the phase where a company attracts candidates for a job and then follows it up by conducting a thorough screening. One can also say that recruitment is a process that is of an extremely harsh nature. The reason for the same is that candidates move into interviews, carrying the attraction that the advertisement for the recruitment process. But once they go on to get interviewed, they are tested for their lives. This is quiet essential even though it doesnt sound very convincing at least for the candidates. But just in order to test for all the qualities that have been mentioned already, one would have to undergo such a process. If it is about Air Arabia, it has to be a little harsher. The reason for the same is that whe rever a person is placed at Air Arabia, he would have to face the most critical of the conditions. So, the company has to ensure that only if a candidate has the capability to stand up to these tasks, he can be recruited in Air Arabia. For example, the company cant just pick up any candidate from an aeronautical branch for the post of a pilot. There have to be other qualities like handling critical situations etc. On a broad spectrum, there are basically five different types of agencies for recruitment. They have been mentioned as follows: Traditional Agency: Traditionally, recruitment agencies have been seen to be physically located where the candidates are asked to come in for short-interviews. Once this is done, the shortlisted candidates are further interviewed by certain potential employers. This process is still in use at a number of places. In most of the cases Air Arabia has been using this approach. Such places include institutes and other academic organizations. There a re three steps that Air Arabia follows in the processing. These three processes are a technical interview for short listing, followed by a management interview and then a HR interview. Head hunters: The second type of recruitment agency is a situation controller. This is generally applicable when the normal traditional approach to recruitment has failed and the company is in a dilemma in its efforts to recruit the people. Lets say that Air Arabia is finding solutions to recruit a new set of employees. If it cant distinguish on the fact whether an experienced employee would be more productive as compared to an employee who is a fresher but with better skills, then head- hunters can certainly be taken into use. In this case, the recruitment process can become even harsher as compared to the traditional way. This is because, the differences between the qualities of the candidates is not worth distinguishing. These type of agencies are also used for negotiating on salaries and genera lly able to draw a suitable result for the recruiting company. Niche Recruiters: The next form of recruitment agency is that of niche recruiters. These agencies generally function in a very narrow domain. If Air Arabia has to go for recruiting employees only for the post of pilots, they can take help of such companies. These agencies are also seen to come up with excellent results considering the fact that they can channel all their resources in order to test only a particular quality in a candidate. The specifications that such agencies choose can also include only a certain demographics. They have an aim to strengthen their relationships with the candidates so they are often engaged in recruiting the same employee again and again. This way the pilots of Air Arabia would be more and more experienced and also tested again and again so as to prove their skill. Hence, this recruitment agency is certainly responsible for drawing the best results. In-house Recruiters: These are ag encies who have taken the job of recruitment for masses. There are many companies which appreciate only a selected lot of candidates to appear for their interviews. This is possible by hiring such agencies which even go on campus recruitment to institutes short listing candidates so as to appear outsourcers of recruitment. Passive Candidate Research Recruiters: These are agencies which make a combination of research aspects with the recruitment process so as to find employees capable of doing a particular job. So, in case Air Arabia is looking for marketing professionals who could further strengthen its theme of being a low-cost carriers, it would have to consult such agencies so that it can put them on research of their airline sector. (Recruitment Process, 2010) Selection The second process involved in the job hiring process is that of selection. It is totally different from recruitment as it is commonly confused with the term. The reason is that while recruitment deals with the harsh procedure of eliminating employees, this process once again excites the employees by making a selection out of the ones that had been shortlisted. So, the final entry into the company is made only through the selection process. As this is the case, it is essential that a thorough analysis of all the interviewees, their resumes, their references, their professional experiences, their knowledge in both technical as well as managerial fields and their literacy level (according to the demographics required by the company) should be done before moving further into training. Some of the companies use a number of business software solutions to help them out in the selection process. This form of automated technology is highly commonplace these days so as to make the work of s election faster and easier as well. Many filtering processes that are involved in the process of selection are done on the basis of applicant tracking system and the results have been absolutely fair and square. Air Arabia has also been used to conducting certain psychometric testing so as to test the mental status of an employee when the situation becomes highly critical. The company performs these measures when it is selecting employees who would be a part of the crew when the Air Arabia is on service. Situations that the company generally tests at this point in time are the sudden disturbances in weather or a tragic fault in the technical system of the flight. The company also tests employees for the intelligence they would use when urgent landing becomes a requirement. So, once the employees go through this entire trauma, they are finally adjudged as selected or rejected. So, for those candidates who finally appear victorious at the end of these selection procedures, are require d to go undergo a training phase as the company needs to make them suitable enough to carry the reputation of Air Arabia on their shoulders. It is often seen that selection process doesnt take as much time as the recruitment process. The reason for the same is that there are very few candidates who are shortlisted once the recruitment is over. Moreover, with the assistance of recruitment agencies which have been discussed already, it becomes even easier to select employees. So one can conclude that selection procedures these days especially in companies like Air Arabia have become much different from what it used to be initially. The attributes of todays selection process are advanced technology and trade agencies. Socialization There are many reasons where even the best of hiring processes adopted by a company cant get the best of candidates they desire. The reason for the same is that the companies have not been to the right place for their recruitment purposes. So, socialization becomes an extremely important option under the conditions. This is because; with the help of socialization a company can advance the network for their job selection. This is applicable in those areas where the previous employees serve as endorsements so as to draw the best employees in order to fulfil a particular vacancy in the company. Moreover, technology has advanced to a large extent these days. What happens these days is that a number of internship and placement options are open at social networking sites that include Facebook, Twitter, Orkut, LinkeIn etc. These are the sites where placement and internships can be easily advertised and that too at the least of expenses. Many companies in the recent past have started to do the same. As Air Arabia still feels that it can hire a better lot of employees, socialization is certainly a better way of doing the same. There are other advantages to use socialization process as well. This is that with the help of this process, a company can also estimate the amount of time that a particular employee would wish to work for it. Many-a-times, Air Arabia goes to some of the top institutions, but finally it turns out to be a failure. The reason for the same is that the employees who do join them also, do not do so for a considerable period of time. There are a number of disadvantages to the same. The first of these is that the company would have to waste a lot of effort, time and money just in order to compensate for the loss of a particular employee. This generally happens in the first year of recruitment. As it is so, it results into an even graver loss. This is because; the employees first undergo a period training where the company has to put in a lot of expendi ture. Followed by this, if an employee goes in a rival company, there are great chances of a number of confidential matters to be revealed. This would certainly not be tolerated by the company. So, one can see that socialization has a huge degree of importance in the hiring process of a particular company. There are even further advantages that are associated with socialization. When a company puts up its advertisement for selection done on social networking sites, even those people who are already employed at different companies have a look at it. Now, if the companys job profile suits such candidates, then the company holds a great chance of hiring those employees who also have a considerable degree of experience in the industry. (Recruitment process socialization, 2010) Training Process Once a candidate has been employed in the organization, the next factor that has to be taken into account for a proper functioning is the training part. Every employee requires a groom over the condition he has faced prior to joining the company. He needs to adopt the policies that are followed in the company which can only happen through a considerable degree of training. So, training is a process where an employee seeks knowledge sharpens his skills, clears his concepts about ideas and those pertaining to the company, making changes in his attitudes and finally enhancing his performance as well. Training has become a necessity because everyone wants to achieve something in life. This would certainly be incomplete without knowing how to reach it. Training provides the answer in such significant situations of life. Training might not as well lead one to the destination he was looking at, but it would certainly lead one to some destination which might even be better for him. If drea ms have to come true, training is something that can give one the knowledge of doing so. Now, the role of HR management is changing as time is moving by. The relationship between training and HRM is also strengthening as a result. Now, both HR management and training are given priorities unlike older days when they were simply considered to be a waste of money. The following section shows the association of HR professionals in the training process of a certain organization: Employee education requires an active participation of the HR professionals. This can take place through some vigorous training processes. At the end of the training process, the HR professionals are also required to give specific rewards to the employees who excel in the training period. This can be used to motivate the employees in order to function in the same manner as he had been doing in the training phase. (Exploring the training process, 2010) Training process also works a lot in lifting the s elf-esteem of the employees. The HR professionals have a major role to play in the same. Once training has been done, the trainees feel that they have adequate understanding of the company they are working for which in turn is a matter of self-esteem so as to be associated with such a name. HR professionals are also responsible for developing the skills of the employees that are related to the market they are aiming at. What also becomes of great concern here is that once these attributes come into the employees during their training period itself, they can further use it as an advanced education in order to provide training to the people who would work under them in the future. It is all about making the employees know about the importance that the training period has and all that can be learnt in the same period. HR professionals cant just be harsh in their means as far as training is concerned. The reason for the same is that training involves candidates who are new to the company whose morale certainly needs to be lifted. So, what is required from the HR professionals is that they are as flexible as it is possible for them. The reason is that if the employees find the comfort to suit their mental condition, they would further work with a better zeal for the company. The degree of absenteeism in the company would also decrease to a substantial degree under the conditions. Flexibility is not just required from the time frame but it is also required from the place frame as well. If the trainee can manage his work at the resident itself, it would not be advisable for the HR professionals to call them to the work place all the time. As Air Arabia is such a huge organization, these sorts of allowances would only help it in its cause. Performance Evaluation Process Air Arabia operates in those countries where the level of competition in the airline sector is higher than almost all other sectors. The reason for the same is the amount of tourism that is ever-increasing in the region. So, such a situation leaves very little margin of error for the companies who have put in a lot of investment in the airline industry. It becomes even more vital for Air Arabia because, the company has a theme of being a low-cost carrier. Once this image of the company has been taken away by the competitors it would become very difficult for it to regain the same name and fame. So, performance evaluation becomes extremely necessary under the conditions. This is used to help the team leaders and managers at Air Arabia to consistently have meeting with regard to goals set by the organization, the performance of individual employees and the outcomes of the various projects that the company has undertaken. It may also include the training process. A suitable performanc e evaluation process would help the HR team to make better decisions for improvement of the job, development of career, recognition of the company and employees, compensation options and also corrective actions wherever necessary. It has become the need of the hour to use a proactive approach these days as compared to the reactive approach that was used previously for taking corrective actions. (Performance Evaluation System, 2010) In a broad sense, performance evaluation basically consists of goal setting followed by performance evaluation on an annual basis. Goal Setting Goals are generally set when the new evaluation period sets in. It becomes the responsibility of the supervisor that the employees follow the SMART principles in this context. SMART is an acronym for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Result-Oriented and Time-Bound. They have been explained as follows: Specific: The employees are supposed to create a manual, maintain a database of their performances, make it to special training in course of their work and also be equipped enough so as to be able to take a training session on all that they know. This varies from employee to employee as per as the log they maintain with respect to their performance in the company. Measurable: Based on the accolades that the employee can manage at the end of time period which includes a certificate of appreciation, one can measure the performance of the particular employee. Even the success of the training session that the employees conduct can measure the extent to which a particular employee ha s succeeded in his efforts. Achievable: It is also advisable for the employees to make sure that set only such goals that they can afford to achieve in a years time. Here the balance would depend on the amount of exaggeration that the employer does and the amount of constraints that the employee puts. At times, just to emerge as champions amongst at par quality employees within the organization, some employees tend to set huge targets which they are finally unable to finish in the stipulated time frame. This becomes highly negative in the long run. Result -Oriented: It must also be acknowledged at this point in time that the company focuses on what has been achieved rather than on the oath that the employee took in order to do so. For employees who are generally accustomed to giving excuses for not being able to achieve a target, it must be a pre-warning. The reason for the same is that employers are of the view that they would only set those targets that are achievable by the employees. So, an excuse in this respect can be highly harmful. For example, if Air Arabia sets a target of a certain number of passengers in a particular year, the sales and marketing people would be responsible for making it happen. Time-Bound: Every goal that is signed by an employee as achievable needs to be done in time for it to the effective. Only once this happens, a company can fight the competition. Required service if provided at the required time makes sense or else it goes in vain. Every employer needs to keep this in mind as performance evaluation is largely based on this fact. (Quinn, 2010) Annual Evaluation In order to measure the extent of growth at both professional and personal level, a company maintains a written documentation for each employer so as obtain a formal evaluation. The company ensures that it can check the progress, find the places of accomplishments, areas where there have been improvement or otherwise, also identify the goals that need to be set for the following year for the development of the company and the employee as well. The information that the employer gives about a particular employee should never be surprising for the employee as it is done in consent with the employee. An employee can make use of a self-assessment questionnaire so as to assess his performance over the last year or so. He can also maintain a form that would include annual goal setting. It should also be mutual in nature. So, every employee can also maintain the evaluation document of the employer for best results. Career Planning and Development Processes Every employee has knowledge and areas of interest in a particular field. Career planning is about mapping these potentials that employees have with the requirements of the organization they are working for. Lets say that an employee has an upper-edge in mechanics. He has the option of taking care of the cock-pit of air planes. Career planning is to ensure that the organizations can manage the right amount and type of people, at the right time and right place as well. The process of development in this direction can only come from the fact that the employees would always go looking for opportunities rather than staying stagnant, obsolete and dissatisfied. The following are the roles of career planning: It serves as a medium to motivation which is required for growth. It helps in providing motivation for training and development perspective. We have already seen that a huge amount of difference is there between employees who are actually motivated and those who are not. It has a direct impact on the efficiency of the employees. It also increases faith in organizations as employees feel that the organization is working in its favour. This makes them synchronize their goals with those of the company. Career planning also increases career opportunities in the organization. The employees would now think of what they can manage to attain as a designation in the organization. Career planning serves as a medium to provide direction to growth and development. This is because it would arouse interest in the employees to work. It improves the image of the organization as a market for better employment. This would mean that more worthy candidates would now be applying for the organization. This would also help in socialization process. Once a company has the brand image of good employment, networking sites like Facebook and Orkut would actively participate in making recruitment more efficient for the organization. It decreases negative parameters lik e absenteeism. If such parameters remain in the region, they are bound to stagnate the growth opportunities of the organization. (Career Planning, 2010)